Life of Martin Luther :: essays research papers

The Life of Martin Luther   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther lived in a period that had a wide spread desire for reformation of the Christan Churhc and played the role in the development of Protestantism. Luther was born at Eislebenin Saxony. Since his father was a miner, it was a great distress on him to send Martin to school and then to the University of Erfurt. That is where he earned his master’s degree at the young age of twenty-one(Erikson, 39). Although his father wished him to study law, Martin, after being terribly frightened in a thunderstorm, vowed to become a Friar. He entered the monastery of the Augustinian friars at Erfurt and was ordained a priest(Erikson, 167). He eventually earned a doctorate of theology. He grew disburbed by the growing abouve of indulgences. The cetrificate granted by the people in return for the payment of a fee to the church. It stated that the sould of a dead relative or a friend of the purchaser would have his time in purgatory reduced by many year’s or cancelled together. Also the person had to by an indulgence. This would allow them to receive their earthly penance, since no one knows that God’s ultimate punishment will be. The Catholic Church faith now has a doctrine to back the three principles of indulgences(Neil 18) (Underwood 345). the principles of indulgences first one that God mericful, but he also just. Next, Chrust and hte saints, through their inifnite virtue, established a treasury of merits on which the church, through its special relationship with Christ and the saints, can draw. Third, the Church has the authority to grant sinners the spiritual benefits of those meirts(Underwood, 345). Luther idea spread began writing the Ninty-five Theses or arguments against indulgences. That he began posting them on the Wittenberg where he preached. He wanted the public to know that he was debating against important issue. The Theses stated the simple folk believed that when they have bought the indulgence they have secured their salvation. They also, believed that if the money jingles in the box, souls are delievered from pungatory and all the sins will be foreign through a letter of indulgence(Neil, 21). Luther fears that urging people to seek escape from divine punishment through indulgences would lead them away from true sorrow for their sins and into a dangerous sense of false security(Judith,21). Luther defined Protestantism as a theological issues. At first was to salvation. The Catholic called salvation as attained through faith and good works. He said that salvation by the faith.

Population pyramid

A population pyramid or ‘population profile’ is detailed diagram referring to the shape of the graphs which demonstrates the composition of a nation’s population in relation to various age groups and sex (cohorts).   It contains two side-to-side placed graphs, one that shows details of the male segment of the population, and the other that shows details of the female segment of the population.   Usually the left hand side shows details of the male segment of the population.   A population profile is usually triangular in shape, the base suggesting a large number of children.   A rapid narrowing of the top bands suggests that people may be dying faster.   The population pyramid provides a lot of other details such as birth rate, death rate, and life-expectancy. The pyramid should be ideally symmetrical to demonstrate similar pattern and numbers between males and females in the nation.A population pyramid of a nation is of different types depending on seve ral factors such as birth rates, death rates, and situation prevailing in the country.   These include a stationary pyramid, progressive pyramid and regressive pyramid. A stationary pyramid demonstrates a rather constant pattern of fertility and death rate.   A progressive pyramid demonstrates a high turnover of the population (elevated birth and death rates), and a large number of children.   A regressive pyramid on the other hand suggests a dropping birth rate and a low fatality rate.   Some countries may develop a ‘youth bulge’ in their population pyramid (a rise in the youth segment of the population), which may increase the risk for war terrorism and criminal activities to flourish (Answers.Com. 2006).During a war situation, a nation’s population pyramid may have varying appearances depending on the manner in which it is affected.The most active segment of the population, that is young men cohort, are usually the most affected during a war.   Due t o severe losses, nations often demonstrate a drop in the bar graphs in the adult male cohort group, and excess in the corresponding female segment.   Losses of young and middle-aged men later tend to affect other portions of the population profile.   The birth rate on both the male and the female side would significantly reduce over a period of time.   As this cohort of adult males get older, the excess on the female side and the deficiency in the male side starts climbing.   In the 1965 population pyramid of the United Kingdom, it was seen that the number of middle-aged and elderly men were reduced, compared to the similar female cohort due to losses during the World War (Answers.Com. 2006).Sometimes, during a war situation, there may be equivalent loss on the adult female cohort side due to frequent deaths arising from childbirth, reduced healthcare facilities, sporadic violence, etc.   Ã‚  Such a population pyramid appears symmetric with a depression of cohorts on the a dult male and female side.   This is known as a ‘constrictive pyramid’.  Ã‚   The birth rate and the fertility rates also drop due to a decrease in women and men having a high potential for reproduction.   The population pyramids of the US during the 1940’s show this kind of a pattern as usually the adult population was affected, playing a role in the defense of the nation.   Over a period of time this cohort climbed as it got older (Rosenberg, Matt. 1997).When a country is affected with a full blown war, all the segments of the population seem to be affected.   All the cohorts tend to get depressed.   The mortality rates increases, whereas the birth rate of the population decreases.   In some countries, the depression may be greater in the young adult segment of the population as they tend to be more involved with the war.  Ã‚   These depressed cohorts tend to carry over with time as the population gets older.   The population pyramid of Japan during the 1940’s shows this kind of a pattern, as civilian populations were also affected (Statistical Handbook of Japan. 2006).References:About.Com. â€Å"Population Pyramid.† Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2006. Answers.Com. 29 Dec. 2006. http://www.answers.com/topic/population-pyramidRosenberg, Matt. â€Å"Age-Sex Pyramids.† About Geography. 1997. About.Com. 29 Dec. 2006. http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa071497.htmStatistical Handbook of Japan. â€Å"Chapter 2   Population.† Statistics Bureau. 2006. Statistics Bureau of Japan. 29 Dec. 2006. http://www.stat.go.jp/English/data/handbook/c02cont.htmUS Census Bureau. â€Å"IDB Population Pyramids.† U.S. Census Bureau Population Division/International Programs Center. 2006. US Census Bureau. 29 Dec. 2006. http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbpyr.html

Social Role Play and the Search For Identity in Chopin’s...

Social Role Play and the Search For Identity in Chopin’s Desiree’s Baby When I think about women’s role in our society, especially nowadays, the first word that comes to my mind is ‘exhausted’. What I mean is that this subject is exhausted. There are so many literary and sociological interpretations of the physical and psychological female image that whatever I say or prove would be just another attempt to understand the ‘incomprehensible’. It’s not because I am a woman, or may be exactly because I am. But here the important expression is ‘I am’ and the extension can be endless. And what a human life is but an everlasting search for the right word that would complete the sentence. As if we could complete it, our personality†¦show more content†¦The story also questions the potential fulfillment of womans identity, as Chopin, herself, termed it ‘mother-woman’. In her portrayal of Dà ©sirà ©e, a woman whose self-worth and self-exploration is intrinsically linked to that of her husband, Chopin opened the door to her lifelong query into a womans struggle for a place where she could fully belong. Chopin began her literary career in the 1880s in St. Louis, although many of her stories take place in Louisiana, where she had lived for over a decade (Taylor, qtd. by Sterling). In this society women were almost exclusively defined by their spousal and maternal roles. According to Sterling , Kate Chopin created female characters that test the boundaries of acceptable behavior for women and explore the psychological and societal ramifications of their actions and desires. They are forced to make existential choices based on the few avenues available for them to create and maintain autonomous identities outside of wife and mother in the late nineteenth-century American South. Chopin’s protagonists attempt to physically or spiritually transcend these limitations but often meet with crushing results. Chopin does not guarantee her characters an admirable place within their society, but she portrays them with dignity and sympathy. She clearly espouses their need to find and assert identities both as individuals and as women. In Desiree’s Baby we can also